Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Article

Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils Possessing Anti-Influenza A/WS/33 Virus Activity: Hwa-Jung Choi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(6):348-353. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.09

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Objectives

This study was conducted to determine whether essential oils had anti-influenza A/WS/33 virus activity and whether there were specific compounds associated with this activity.

Methods

There were 63 essential oils evaluated for anti-influenza (A/WS/33 virus) activity using a cytopathic effect reduction method. The chemical composition of the anti-influenza essential oils was phytochemically analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results

The antiviral assays demonstrated that 11 of the 62 essential oils (100 μg/mL) possessed anti-influenza activity, reducing visible cytopathic effects of influenza A/WS/33 virus activity by > 30%. Furthermore, marjoram, clary sage and anise oils exhibited anti-influenza A/WS/33 virus activity of > 52.8%. However, oseltamivir (the anti-influenza A and B drug), showed cytotoxicity at the same concentration (100 μg/mL) as the essential oils. The chemical composition detected by GC–MS analysis, differed amongst the 3 most potent anti-viral essential oils (marjoram, clary sage and anise oils) except for linalool, which was detected in all 3 essential oils.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated anti-influenza activity in 11 essential oils tested, with marjoram, clary sage and anise essential oils being the most effective at reducing visible cytopathic effects of the A/WS/33 virus. All 3 oils contained linalool, suggesting that this may have anti-influenza activity. Further investigation is needed to characterize the antiviral activity of linalool against influenza A/WS/33 virus.

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Brief Report

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Sakuranetin against Human Rhinovirus 3: Hwa-Jung Choi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(6):415-420. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.6.09

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48 Download
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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Rhinoviruses (RVs) cause common cold and are associated with exacerbation of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases. Until now, no clinically effective antiviral chemotherapeutic agents to treat diseases caused by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) have been reported. We assessed the anti-HRV3 activity of sakuranetin isolated from Sorbus commixta Hedl. in human epithelioid carcinoma cervix (HeLa) cells, to evaluate its anti-rhinoviral potential in the clinical setting.

Methods

Antiviral activity and cytotoxicity as well as the effect of sakuranetin on HRV3-induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) were evaluated using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method using CPE reduction. The morphology of HRV3-infected cells was studied using a light microscope.

Results

Sakuranetin actively inhibited HRV3 replication and exhibited antiviral activity of more than 67% without cytotoxicity in HeLa cells, at 100 μg/mL. Ribavirin showed anti-HRV3 activity similar to that of sakuranetin. Treatment of HRV-infected HeLa cells with sakuranetin visibly reduced CPEs.

Conclusion

The inhibition of HRV production by sakuranetin is mainly due to its general antioxidant activity through inhibition of viral adsorption. Therefore, the antiviral activity of sakuranetin should be further investigated to elucidate its mode of action and prevent HRV3-mediated diseases in pathological conditions.

Citations

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Original Article

Antiviral Activity of Itraconazole against Echovirus 30 Infection In Vitro: Jae-Sug Lee, Hwa-Jung Choi, Jae-Hyoung Song, Hyun-Jeong Ko, Kyungah Yoon, Jeong-Min Seong; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(5):318-324. Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.5.05

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28 Download
7 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Echovirus 30 is a major cause of meningitis in children and adults. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the antifungal drug itraconazole could exhibit antiviral activity against echovirus 30.

Methods

The cytopathic effect and viral RNA levels were assessed in RD cells as indicators of viral replication. The effects of itraconazole were compared to those of two known antiviral drugs, rupintrivir and pleconaril. The time course and time-of-addition assays were used to approximate the time at which itraconazole exerts its activity in the viral cycle.

Results

Itraconazole and rupintrivir demonstrated the greatest potency against echovirus 30, demonstrating concentration-dependent activity, whereas pleconaril showed no antiviral activity. Itraconazole did not directly inactivate echovirus 30 particles or impede viral uptake into RD cells, but did affect the initial stages of echovirus 30 infection through interference with viral replication.

Conclusion

Itraconazole can be considered a lead candidate for the development of antiviral drugs against echovirus 30 that may be used during the early stages of echovirus 30 replication.

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Brief Report

Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Zanthoxylum Species Against Picornaviruses: Hwa-Jung Choi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(6):400-403. Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.11.003

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Abstract PDF

Human rhinoviruses and enteroviruses (family Picornaviridae) infect millions of people worldwide each year, but little is known about effective therapeutical treatment for the infection caused by these viruses. We sought to determine whether or not Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) species can exhibit antiviral activity against picornaviruses. The leaf parts of four Zanthoxylum species were extracted with methanol, and the extracts were investigated for their antiviral activity against picornaviruses using cytopathic effects by cytopathic effect reduction. Leaf extracts of Zanthoxylum piperitum among four Zanthoxylum species were found to possess only broad-spectrum antipicornavirus activity against human rhninovirus 2 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 59.48 μg/mL, human rhinovirus 3 with an IC₅₀ value of 39.94 μg/mL, coxsackie A16 virus with an IC₅₀ value of 45.80 μg/mL, coxsackie B3 virus with an IC₅₀ value of 68.53 μg/mL, coxsackie B4 virus with an IC₅₀ value of 93.58 μg/mL, and enterovirus 71 virus with an IC₅₀ value of 4.48 μg/mL. However, ribavirin did not possess antiviral activity against human rhinovirus 3 and four enteroviruses. Therefore, leaves of Z. piperitum showed broad-spectrum antipicornavirus activity, and may be useful as a candidate for studying picornavirus agents and development of pharmaceuticals.

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